We often come across the term ‘proxy‘ when we are working in the computer science field. When connected to the Internet, every computer gets a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address that identifies the computer and its geographic location. Your computer sends out a request whenever it needs any information from the Internet. The request is
We often come across the term ‘proxy‘ when we are working in the computer science field. When connected to the Internet, every computer gets a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address that identifies the computer and its geographic location. Your computer sends out a request whenever it needs any information from the Internet. The request is sent to a target computer that checks the type of information being asked for. The target computer sends the information back if it is allowed to give it to our IP address. At times, the computer wants to get the information from the Internet without being identified. That information is usually blocked, but we can get it using a proxy that acts as an intermediary between the client and the server machine.
The clients usually use the proxy server to browse web pages and request resources anonymously as it acts as an identification field between the client computer and the Internet.
Proxy servers have become quite popular with the growing concern of online security and data theft. Here the question arises how the proxy server is connected to the security of our system? We can say that a proxy server adds an additional security level between our server and the external world. This extra security helps in saving our system from a breach.
Pythonリクエストでプロキシを使用するには、以下の手順に従う必要がある。
シンプルなHTTPライブラリであるrequestsパッケージをインポートする。手動でURLにクエリー文字列を追加しなくても、このパッケージを使って簡単にリクエストを送信できます。requestsは以下のコマンドでインポートできます。
輸入リクエストHTTP接続とHTTPS接続を定義するプロキシ辞書を作成する必要がある。辞書変数には、プロキシURLにプロトコルをマッピングする "proxies"のような任意の名前を与えることができる。さらに、URL変数にスクレイピングするウェブサイトを設定する必要がある。
proxies = {
"http":'http://203.190.46.62:8080',
"https":'https://111.68.26.237:8080'
}
url = 'https://httpbin.org/ip'ここで辞書は、HTTPとHTTPSという2つの別々のプロトコルのプロキシのURLを定義する。
リクエストメソッドのいずれかを使用するレスポンス変数を作成する必要があります。このメソッドは2つの引数をとります：
response = requests.get(url,プロキシ = プロキシ)
print(response.json())出力はこうだ：
There are a number of requests methods like:
You can use the below syntax of the requests methods when the URL is specified. Here, our URL is the same as we used in the above code i-e., https://httpbin.org/ip.
response = requests.get(url)
response = requests.post(url, data={"a": 1, "b": 2})
response = requests.put(url)
response = requests.delete(url)
response = requests.patch(url)
response = requests.head(url)
response = requests.options(url)If you want to scrape the data from websites that utilize sessions, you can follow the steps given below.
Import the requests library.
輸入リクエストCreate a session object by creating a session variable and setting it to the requests Session() method.
session = requests.Session()
session.proxies = {
'http': 'http://10.10.10.10:8000',
'https': 'http://10.10.10.10:8000',
}
url = 'http://mywebsite.com/example'Send the session proxies through the requests method and pass the URL as an argument.
response = session.get(url)Let’s discuss the two essential types of proxies, i-e;
We can define static proxies as the datacenter Internet Protocols assigned via an Internet Service Provider (ISP) contract. They are designed to remain connected to one proxy server for a set amount of time. The name “static” implies that it allows us to operate as a residential user with the same IP for as long as required.
In short, with the use of static proxies, we get the speed of datacenter proxies and the high anonymity of residential proxies. Furthermore, a static proxy allows us to avoid IP address rotation, making its use significantly simpler.
The static IP services are not created by using virtual machines, unlike regular datacenter proxies. These proxies, also known as sticky IP addresses, look like genuine consumers to almost all websites.
プロキシローテーションとは、新しいリクエストを送信するたびにIPアドレスを変更する機能と定義できる。
When we visit a website, we send a request that shows a destination server a lot of data, including our IP address. For instance, when we gather data using a scraper( for generating leads), we send many such requests. So, the destination server gets suspicious and bans it when most requests come from the same IP.
したがって、リクエストを送信するたびにIPアドレスを変更するソリューションが必要だ。その解決策がローテーション・プロキシである。つまり、ウェブスクレイピングでIPをローテーションさせるためにスクレイパーを手に入れるという無用な手間を省くために、ローテーション・プロキシを得て、プロバイダーにローテーションを任せればいいのだ。
Following are the reasons to use various types of proxies.
これまで、 プロキシはクライアントとサーバーマシンの間の中継として機能することを説明した。あなたが情報を要求するたびに、あなたのコンピュータはこの要求をプロキシに送信し、プロキシは別のIPアドレスを使用してターゲットコンピュータに情報を送信します。そのため、あなたのIPアドレスは機密のままです。さらに、Pythonのrequestsモジュールでプロキシを使用し、必要に応じて様々なアクションを実行することができます。データセンター型 プロキシの速度と居住型プロキシの高い匿名性を備えた静的IPが必要な場合は、静的プロキシが適しています。逆に、ローテーションプロキシは、テストやスクレイピングにおいてメリットがあります。